Resistance to British Nationalism

Since the French Revolution, the idea of self-determination has spread all around the world, unifying peoples inside nations, starting new revolutions, erasing empires, freeing colonies and scaring modern states. There are few models explaining the emergence of nationalism and the definitions of this phenomenon vary from an author to another. Anthony D. Smith says it is an ideological movement aiming at reaching self-determination and independence in the name of a nation. He also says that humanity is naturally divided into nations. But this concept is rather revealing the nationalist way of thinking because a quick look in the past is enough to show that the independence process is not instinctive. Many writers like Boyd Shafer and Louis Snyder have studied the subject since World War I in order to explain the subject but – as says Arthur Waldron – enclosing nationalism in a theory has proved to be a difficult task. An historical case of the nationalism problem is the nationalist movement in India. Indians celebrated 50 years of independence from British rule in August 1997. The end of the empire in India was a massive blow to British imperialism. This term paper first studies the steps of the western intrusion into India and then tries to describe how the Indian nationalism was born. When the European community began to expand in India, a new way of life entered cities. It was copied by the indigenous people who were seduced by western techniques. Occidental education was the main vector of acculturation since young Indians were very receptive to the European message. So the new Indian generation quickly became nationalist, socialist, and democrat. Masters like Cavour or Mazzini were the new heroes for the young students. That is why the British government prohibited the study of British History of the XIXth century in Indian schools. But it was already too late. The process could not be stopped at that stage. Indians had acquired a better knowledge of European culture and it was not received without critique. European authors who were keen on criticizing Europe – Tolstoi, for example – influenced India. So it seems that the introduction of western ideas and their critiques contributed to the emergence of nationalism. The initiation of the indigenous elite to Western History would have founded their quest for independence, following a nationalist scheme transmitted by occidental education. A complex of inferiority began to spread among Indians, mostly because of the British racist attitude. Europeans were neglecting the Indian society. From the 1830s, racist movements began to make British people feel superior. They considered Indians as physically and morally challenged. This inferiority was attested by the failure of traditional revolts like the Mutiny in 1857. Tara Chand1 says that Indians were impressed by the evident superiority of their colons in war, in administration, and in industry. Indians wanted their country to rank among the big nations, politically and industrially. From the 1870s, they became aware of their prestigious past and politicians began to use that argument in their speeches. Those same politicians also used religious festivities to spread their nationalist message. The educated elite could do better than the Congress by using the religious field. Political activities could then enter the smallest village thanks to religion. This tactic allowed leaders to unify a rising population. Mother India was born. 1Chand, Tara. History of the Freedom Movement in India. a. The East India Company and the Conquest of India The intentions of the merchants who formed the East India Company and those of Queen Elizabeth I were rarely matched by the outcome. The venture failed to achieve its stated objectives — it made little impression on the Dutch control of the spice trade and could not establish a lasting outpost in the East Indies in the early years — and yet succeeded beyond measure in establishing military dominance and a political empire for Britain in India. By the middle of the seventeenth century the East India Company could be found trading alongside Indian merchants in the East, and the Company shipped goods as diverse as cloth from southern India to Sumatra, and coffee from Arabia to India. Profits thus generated were ploughed back into buying the spices required back home. Gradually the Company built up its power base in India, opening up trading posts in Madras and Calcutta, and thwarted French attempts to emulate it there. From these secure foundations it was able to seek out new markets and sources for trading products. As European interest in the East Indies increased, so the Company modified native designs and products to suit Western tastes — the growth of the Kashmir shawl industry, and the development of the design that has become known as Paisley being one such example. The process of territorial expansion that started with the annexation of Bengal, the â€Å"private trade† which enabled merchant's in the Company's service to make fortunes on the side, coupled with a high level of corruption, meant that more and more men sought their fortunes in India. The early lifestyle of the merchant adventurer in the Company's trading posts gave way to a more conventional society, with its clubs, churches and social functions. The accoutrements of civilized life had to be imported from England, and many were adapted to suit the new circumstances. Wicker picnic hampers and tonic water all evolved from the needs imposed by the harsh Indian climate. Hugely wealthy men returning from Company service to England attracted much envy as they bought up country houses and seats in Parliament, and many of these â€Å"nabobs† kept the habits they had learnt in India. By the early nineteenth century the East India Company's writ extended across most of India. In 1773 the British government took over some responsibility for ruling British India. The â€Å"Regulating Act† set up a governor-general and council nominated partly by the East India Company and partly by the government. It was an act for establishing certain regulations for the better management of the affairs of the East India Company, as well in India as in Europe. Here is the beginning of it1: Whereas the several powers and authorities granted by charters to the united company of merchants in England trading to the East Indies have been found, by experience, not to have sufficient force and efficacy to prevent various abuses which have prevailed in the government and administration of the affairs of the said united company, as well at home as in India, to the manifest injury of the public credit, and of the commercial interests of the said company; and it is therefore become highly expedient that certain further regulations, better adapted to their present circumstances and condition, should be provided and established: †¦ †¦ And, for the better management of the said united company's affairs in India, be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That, for the government of the presidency of Fort William in Bengal, there shall be appointed a governor-general, and four counselors; and that the whole civil and military government of the said presidency, and also the ordering, management and government of all the territorial acquisitions and revenues in the kingdoms of Bengal, Bahar, and Orissa, shall, during such time as the territorial acquisitions and revenues shall remain in the possession of the said united company, be, and are hereby vested in the said governor-general and council of the said presidency of Fort William in Bengal, in like manner, to all intents and purposes whatsoever; as the same now are, or at any time heretofore might have been exercised by the president and council, or select committee, in the said kingdoms. c. Clash of Cultures and the Reasons of the Conflict There are three reasons for the Indian conflict: – the religious conflict between Hindus and Muslims – the social conflict about the Untouchables – the colonial conflict about the status of India In the three conflicts, the main actor was Gandhi himself. In the first conflict, the fighting adversaries were the Hindus and the Muslims; in the second one, the adversaries were the Untouchables and Gandhi – who were fighting for their cause –, and the tradition defenders; in the last one, the adversaries were India and the British government. So, Gandhi was the link between Indians and the government. Note that the first conflict was existing before Gandhi even intervened. 1 Internet Modern History Sourcebook In 1857 the British faced a dangerous rebellion, commonly called the Indian Mutiny, a polemical name implying that it was the revolt of undisciplined soldiers. Actually it was a revolt of the Indian army, led by their officers, known as sepoys. Many Indians outside the army had been restless for decades. Rulers had been conquered and dethroned. Landowners had lost their property and been replaced by ones more friendly to the British. Religious sentiments were inflamed. The British regarded Indian beliefs as repulsive: they had outlawed the suttee, or widow burning, and suppressed the Thugs, a small sect of Holy Assassins. One officer even declared that the British were going to abolish the castes. Mysterious propaganda also circulated all over India. It infiltrated the sepoys, who announced to Muslim soldiers that certain newly issued cartridges were greased with the fat of pigs, and said to the Hindus that the same cartridges were greased with the fat of the cow. Since for the Hindus the cow was sacred, and for Muslims, to touch pork was unholy, many soldiers were outraged. The sepoys mutinied in the Ganges valley, and with them the long dormant Mogul and his court, joined in to rise against the British. India's population was rich with diverse ethnic and cultural groups. Ethnic groups were those based on a sense of common ancestry, while cultural groups could be either made up of people of different ethnic origins who shared a common language, or of ethnic groups with some customs and beliefs in common, such as castes of a particular locality. The diverse ethnic and cultural origins of the people of India were shared by the other peoples of the Indian subcontinent, including the inhabitants of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. The caste system was pervasive in India. Although it was entwined in Hindu beliefs, it encompassed non-Hindus as well. A caste was a social class to which a person belonged at birth and which was ranked against other castes, typically on a continuum of perceived purity and pollution. People generally married within their own caste. In rural areas, caste could also govern where people lived or what occupations they engaged in. The particular features of the caste system varied considerably from community to community and across regions. The life of Indians was centered in the family. Extended families often lived together, with two or more adult generations, or brothers, sharing a house. Cultural cliches and segregation seemed to be the source of nationalism in India. According to Dov Ronen,1 every human being is looking forward to self-determination. And when this quest is altered, groups crystallize to eliminate the obstacle. The aggression coming from outside provokes the creation of a certain group conscience. According to the same Ronen, there must be an intelligentsia as well as a proletariat to form an effective nationalist movement. In India, the development of the proletariat was late and modest. Nevertheless, the western penetration made new social categories emerge, like the intelligentsia. The Indian National Congress was created by a group of English-speaking urban intellectuals in 1885 to lead the struggle for India's independence. The original â€Å"moderate† leadership was soon more â€Å"militant† group, led by Bal GangadharTilak, which demanded self-rule for India. The Congress originally advocated limited democratic reforms. In 1920 it adopted the strategy of nonviolent resistance devised by Mohandas K. Gandhi. By 1929 the Congress, led by Jawaharlal Nehru, was demanding total independence. After India gained independence in 1947, the Congress controlled the central government and most of the Indian state governments for 20 years. 2. Gandhi and his fight for freedom in India When Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi came back from South Africa in 1914, he began supporting Britain in World War One. During this period, he was not involved in much politics, but rather stayed on the sidelines, so to speak, occasionally helping to recruit men. 1 Ronen, Dov. The Quest for Self-Determination. 1979 For many years, Gandhi had been friendly with Britain, but he became extremely upset at the passing of the Rowlatt Bills, which were bills that stated that those suspected of sedition could be imprisoned without trial. He immediately called a Satyagraha (â€Å"firmness in truth†, civil disobedience) struggle against Great Britain. Gandhi had meant for the citizens to use ahimsa (non-injury) methods of protesting, but they protested violently in some areas, leading to the killing of 400 Indians. By 1920, Gandhi was extremely influential among Indians. He quickly reformed the old Indian National Congress into a newer, more serious organization. He called a huge boycott of British goods and services, including schools and the like. With a leader like Gandhi, the Indian people were no longer afraid of their foreign rulers and began protesting. When police arrived, they lined up to be arrested, hoping to clog the system and stop the British. Thousands were arrested and the movement was mostly a success, but a few violent outbreaks like in the previous protest caused the INC and their president – Gandhi – to call the protest off and admit it a mistake. Gandhi himself was arrested shortly afterward in 1922 and sentenced to six years, but he was released four years early due to appendicitis. However, even this short sentence took its toll. The INC had split into two parts and the strong bond that had grown between the Hindus and Muslims when they protested together had dissolved as well. Small struggles still took place in villages, prompting Gandhi to fast for three weeks, which brought about peace effectively. Perhaps his most amazing feat was the Satyagraha against the salt tax in 1930. Instead of buying salt from the British, Gandhi and several thousand other Indians marched to the Arabian Sea and made their own salt by evaporating seawater. As a result, over 60,000 people were jailed. A year later, Gandhi met with Lord Irwin and the two agreed to allow Gandhi to act as a representative at conferences in London, but the conferences failed to help them, and upon Gandhi's return to India, he and the other leaders of the INC were jailed. While in jail, they found out that the new constitution would discriminate against the â€Å"untouchable† caste by placing them in a different electorate. Gandhi immediately started fasting for change. The government knew they had to change this portion of the constitution quickly, for if Gandhi were to die, revolution would be imminent. Gandhi resigned as president of the INC in 1934 and left the organization entirely to pursue a plan to educate â€Å"From the bottom up†, starting with the rural areas of India, which accounted for 85%1 of the population. He encouraged the peasants to spin and weave to supplement their meager incomes. He himself eventually moved to Sevagram and centered his program there. When World War Two started, the INC supported Britain on the condition that they withdraw completely from India. Gandhi demanded their withdrawal as well. The British simply jailed all of them. When the end of the war came, India became independent shortly afterward, in 1947, but it split as it became independent, forming Pakistan. Gandhi was upset that Indian freedom did not come with Indian unity, but nonetheless plunged himself into helping repair the riot ravaged areas and fasting for peace in those places where the fighting continued over religion. In that way, he performed two great feats by stopping the riots in Calcutta in September of 1947 as well as causing a truce in Delhi in January of 1948. Alas, he was not able to celebrate freedom for long, as he was shot to death on January 30, 1948, on his way to the evening prayer. Yet he died with freedom, peace, and love within his heart. The Muslim League was a Muslim political organization founded in India in 1906. Its original purpose was to protect the political rights of Muslims in India and to prevent Hindu political control of the entire Indian subcontinent once independence from the British was achieved. For several decades the group advocated Hindu and Muslim unity within India. Under league president Muhammad Ali Jinnah, however, it came to demand a separate Muslim state from the British out of concern that an independent India would be dominated by Hindus. During World War II, the Muslim League gave support to the British and in return the British allowed the league to gain strength. In 1947 the league succeeded in having the Muslim state of Pakistan separated from Hindu-dominated India. Renamed the All-Pakistan Muslim League, it became the majority political party in the first parliament of the newly created nation. Although the league has remained a political force in Pakistan, internal dissension and major losses in the 1954 elections, particularly in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), caused the party to fragment into several factions. 1Fischer, Louis. La vie du Mahatma Gandhi. Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1954. On June 3, 1947, the British Government announced the division of India. Though Gandhi had not given his consent to it, he advised the country to accept it. On August 15, 1947, the struggle for independence was over. The British rule in India came to an end after nearly 200 years, and two sovereign states, India and Pakistan appeared on the map. Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India and Sardar Patel the Deputy Prime Minister. The whole country celebrated the day. There were singing and dancing processions and parades everywhere. Free India's tricolor flag fluttered proudly on the historical Red Fort in Delhi and the National Anthem was sung in chorus. In the story of early resistance to British imperialism since the very beginning of the conflict, Gandhi has played a main role everywhere. His nonviolent philosophy was a key element in the story. That this why a study on this topic had to look at the relation Gandhi had with the masses and with the British. This relation is extremely dramatic if we want to understand how the beliefs of one man succeeded in convincing an entire people. To achieve goals as big as the struggle for independence and the peace between Hindus and Muslims, the action of one man was not enough; he had to rally the men looking forward to the same objectives. The study of British imperialism in India helps to understand some current topics like Kosovo, Eire, Algeria, and Pakistan, even if in the story of India it may be the word â€Å"imperialism† that is most relevant.

Final Analysis Paper on General Motors

OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) 1 Outsource Insource Final Paper Patricia J Helligar Capella University ISTM 5010 Dr Mike 03/15/2013 OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) Table of Contents 2 Part 1 – General Motors – The firm I will analyze for my final project and the major topic that will be addressed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Part 2 – Identify the specific business unit and servic e component in final project analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Business Analysis Secti on of General Motors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Explain strategic rationale for outsourcing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Evaluate IT leader role in service component outsourcing and subsequent insourcing9 Analyze the ways in which IT leaders can increase communication effectiveness between senior executives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Evaluate change management response of business and technology leaders within organization †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) 3 Part 1 – General Motors – The firm I will analyze for my final project and the major topic that will be addressedAbstract Saving money and maximizing the moment is so important to CEOs as well as CIOs of all companies. The question is to have enough resources in house to handle the demand of our product. In making these types of decisions, most companies often don’t take the risk to do it in house but outsource their wor k. The decisions among the stakeholders in the company attribute their outsourcing to lack of manpower, level of demand of their product and not enough finances to pay a full-time staff.In this project topic that I have selected which is General Motors (GM), I will analyze why 90% of their IT department (data centers, writing applications) that was outsourced is now being insourced again. Introduction General Motors did outsource its IT service for a period of time and recently have in source again. This is what it is all about correct? Evaluating, transforming and implementing new ways of doing things to benefit your customers and of course to be a success in business. In this aper we will identify the business topic of choice for my class project and outline the business and major topic to be addressed in the final project. With my final project topic selection, I will be discussing General Motors transition from outsourcing its IT component â€Å"The Data Center† to now a recent decision to insource their data center. General Motors today only do 10% of its company’s IT work. It relied all this time on contractors to conduct its IT business; however, there has been a gradual shift from outsourcing most of its information technology services to conducting the work itself.This shifting to insourcing the work back is about the thousands of new GM jobs throughout the world that will be ready for the job market. GM has done the necessary evaluations and realizes that these contracts have no idea of the car industry business and no experience on how cars are designed, made and then sold. Therefore, the data centers will be handled by GM employees around the USA and the world. Now the data center is in house now or OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) insourced, this will greatly improve GM’s ability to design the kind of software and data systems it needs to make popular vehicles. General Motors (GM) outsour ced 90% of their IT department but recently made changes to insourced their IT department to GM employees. This move was not about saving money at all but the increase in jobs for potential new and existing employees at GM. References Schepp, David, (2013). GM vows to insource most of its IT Jobs. Document retrieved from http://www. minyanville. om/sectors/technology/articles/outsourcing-in-the-us-GMgeneral/7/10/2012/id/42298 Part 2 – Identify the specific business unit and service component in final project analysis The business unit and service component that will be used in final project analysis is GM’s IT department business unit and the redesigned of the service component of the data center/writing applications being insourced to GM again. The strategic rationale for outsourcing originally by GM is the volume of work to be done and the lack of expertise at the company at that time dealing with IT.In this final project analysis, I will be discussing IT leader role in service component outsourcing and subsequent insourcing, analyze the ways in which IT leaders can increase communication effectiveness between senior executives and evaluate change management response of business and technology leaders within the organization. According to the CIO of GM, â€Å"The rationale behind bringing 90% of IT work back in house (insourced) is to get the resources, tools and flexibility we need to provide better services and products to our global GM customers† (Flinders, 2012).OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) 5 Create a timeline that documents General Motors (GM) outsource and insource cycle Task GM Research and Planning before Outsourcing GM Documentation on outsourcing 90% of the IT Data Center Dept GM Decision to Insource their IT/Data Center Dept GM Documentation of Insourcing their IT/Data Center Dept GM IT/Data Center Dept finally insourced its IT Dept/Data Center Beginning Date 01/1976 Ending Date 01/19 80 02/1980 05/2008 03/2008 12/2008 05/2008 01/2009 01/2009 12/2009Conclusion General Motors has gone through some major changes in its history as one of the top car making companies. From being number one to hitting rock button, to needing federal aid to stay afloat, to declaring bankruptcy and the replacing of the CEO of GM, GM has made its greatest rebound since its collapse in 2008. One of the major changes due to this new CEO, was to bring 90% of its IT industry (applications, data centers) back to GM or insource the work now. Who will know the car industry better and what to do but our staff says the CIO of GM.OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) 6 References The New York Times. (2013). General Motors. Document retrieved from http://topics. nytimes. com/top/news/business/companies/general_motors_corporation/index. html Flinders, Karl. (2012). General Motors recruits 3, 00 HP IT workers. Document retrieved from http://www. computerweekly. com/n ews/2240167895/General-Motors-recruits-3000-HP-IT-workers Dev, Sherin. Top characteristics of commodity type businesses – The Killer Sharks. Document retrieved from http://www. nvestinternals. com/2011/03/commodity-type-business. html Business Analysis Section of General Motors Abstract General Motors for the most of the 20th century was the biggest car industry company in the world. It was the largest car maker from 1931 to 2008 when Toyota defeated General Motors (GM) and became the largest car maker. The sad news is in the Fall of 2008, GM had two serious cutbacks that allowed them to go to Federal government for the aid but in March of 2009 President Obama ordered the CEO Rick Wagoner to release GM so in July 2009.GM was sold and its good assets to a new government-owned company. Brands such as Chevrolet, Cadillac and GMC were folded into the new company called General Motors Company (GMC). Introduction General Motors did outsource its IT service for a period of time and recently have in source again. Insourcing work for a lot of companies is a wave that is growing in popularity day by day. The pattern of insourcing is on the rise due to less taxation, savings on materials/resources used, transportation cost decreased and much much more. Insourcing is quite an expensive venture when compare to outsourcing.Insourcing requires a company to use its resources to train others on its system, products/services and the process flow of the company. But a company can save in other ways because OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) of insourcing such as decrease in transportation, labor costs and materials while the opposite is true for outsourcing (Lotich). In this paper, we will explain strategic rationale for outsourcing, evaluate IT leader role in service component outsourcing and subsequent insourcing, analyze the ways in which IT leaders can increase communication effectiveness between senior executives and evaluate chan ge management response of business and technology leaders within organization. Explain strategic rationale for outsourcing Outsourcing for all companies always is the last resort for real. The reason behind it is one is taking confidential and innovative information setup by this company and trusting someone from the outside to run an area of the business. It truly takes a team of people to decide based on a number of factors to outsource certain departments.Outsourcing is basically releasing a job and the resources needed to an outside firm or vendor to complete a task or tasks with an expected end needed by that department. Companies that use outsourcing do not use their own resources for manufacturing products or providing services. There is a myth concerning outsourcing that small companies with limited budgets often outsource jobs and there is some truth to that. But also, large companies who might have experienced loss or close to bankruptcy might make the decision to outsourc e most of its work to vendors and companies overseas.It is true that small businesses have limited resources but larger companies can have limited resources as well due to profit loss or projects that failed over a period of time. Therefore, companies in these cases will consider a strategic outsourcing effort which may involve contracting with a provider to manage an IT department or the call center that handle the calls of their customers who want to purchase their products or services. Larger businesses can also make use of strategic outsourcing as a means of utilizing their resources to better advantage such as General Motors (GM).For example, a business may choose not to maintain an in-house sales force, but contract out the sales effort to others who generate sales on behalf of the company. With this model, the business does not have to be concerned with the expense of salaries and benefit packages for salespeople. Instead, the OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) business only has to provide the agreed-upon commissions for sales generated by the business partner, and any monthly fee charged as part of the contractual agreement between the two entities.At General Motors they outsourced 90% of their IT department/data center due to lack of expertise and existing employees with skill sets dealing with IT. One of the reasons for General Motors to outsource its IT department/call center is to gain a competitive advantage globally and in the United States by lowering production costs and fixed costs. By outsourcing GM can restructure their costs. Also, when GM 8 outsource, now they can change some of their fixed costs to variable costs.But most importantly, GM by outsourcing overseas will get a brand new start and a new perspective on life in the car business. The core idea behind strategic outsourcing is to benefit in some manner from allowing outside entities to take over the operation and management of a given function. A t General Motors (GM), they have experienced success in outsourcing to Brazil, China and other international markets. United States have been giving companies such as General Motors (GM) tax breaks for creating jobs in countries overseas (Kelly, Linehan, Hurley, et al, 2009).Outsourcing benefits can take many different forms and the rationale behind outsourcing usually involves savings in fixed and variable costs such as salary and benefits to employees which drove companies such as General Motors (GM) who were experiencing difficulties in staying afloat. Often, the idea behind outsourcing is to increase the bottom line of a company by reducing various operating expenses with companies such as General Motors (GM).At other times, the benefit has to do with the timing of needing professionals who have expertise in areas that the company does not possess at all so outsourcing is necessary. The benefit of outsourcing may be a matter of convenience, allowing companies such as General Mot ors (GM) who outsourced their IT Department at a 90% from 1980 until 2009. Outsourcing allowed them not to have to worry about the call center/IT department but focus more on innovation in designing/building cars in which they were expert in.Initially the benefits of outsourcing at General Motors (GM) allowed them to compete in today’s market. General Motors knew that they are known in history for designing and building cars and for years they were leaders in the car industry. As technology changes and information was shared and stored in different ways, it became. They survived from 1980 until 2009 doing this so then their strategic rationale outsourcing was a success (Schepp, 2013). OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) 9Evaluate IT leader role in service component outsourcing and subsequent insourcing IT leader role in service component outsourcing and subsequent insourcing is to make the best decision for the company as far as savings, in crease in profit and long-term productivity for the company. Outsourcing and insourcing both have their advantages depending on the mission of the corporation and the expertise of that company when dealing with certain skill sets needed to run a successful company. At General Motors (GM) 90% of their IT department (data centers, writing applications) that was outsourced is now being insourced again.General Motors from 1980 until 2009 only did 10% of its company’s IT work. It relied all this time on contractors to conduct its IT business; however, there has been a gradual shift from outsourcing most of its information technology services to conducting the work itself. This shifting to insourcing the work back is about the thousands of new GM jobs throughout the world that will be ready for the job market. GM has done the necessary evaluations and realizes that these contracts have no idea of the car industry business and no experience on how cars are designed, made and then so ld.Therefore, the data centers will be handled by GM employees around the USA and the world. Now the data center is in house now or insourced, this will greatly improve GM’s ability to design the kind of software and data systems it needs to make popular vehicles. Analyze the ways in which IT leaders can increase communication effectiveness between senior executives The ways in which IT leaders can increase communication effectiveness between senior executives are conducting daily staff meetings, conferences (video, telephone, and in-person), parties and other social events.Changing the atmosphere for meetings and doing more interactive things where people can dialog or express how they feel on topics and value their opinion can increase communication between senior executives. Two key communication goals that should be focused on when dealing with senior executives are to prevent misunderstandings, which might impair productivity or quality, and to OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL B USINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) convey decisions and directives of top management. With communication effectiveness, the important 10 egment is of course feedback where IT leaders with senior executives can enhance problem solving and stimulate idea sharing. Innovation in how information is presented to senior executives will allow more commitment and interest with senior executives especially if the IT leaders allow them to be a part of the decision making process. Communication is vital for exchanging information in and among subsystems through multidirectional channels which are used in internal communications. Feedback processes help systems adjust, change and maintain control.Collective decision-making processes and shared responsibilities for communication are more prevalent which will allow for more effectiveness in communication among senior executives. Getting employees involved in their work is a major concern facing organizations such as General Motors (GM). How do they get the full potential and energy from their employees? With so much information today and employees having to deal with the situation, it can become overwhelming, confusing and they will disconnect if some type of order among high-level management and senior executives are not established with IT leaders.IT Leaders can help by aligning words with actions, building relationships and conversing with senior executives rather than communicating at them, and helping guide authentic executive actions which reflect organizational purpose. New technologies can help IT leaders to engage senior executives by personalizing executive communications concerning getting feedback from them and reinforcing faceto-face initiatives where they can be team lead on. Another way IT leaders can increase communication effectiveness is by using social media in reaching and engaging senior executives.Since a workplace is similar to a family environment at home, IT leaders can allow a very relaxi ng atmosphere to communication where there is no pressure by hosting company picnics, movie night and other social events to allow them to flow better and get the job done. The benefits of an engaged workforce are clear. It is proven that organizations with engaged and committed employees were 50 percent more productive than those where employees weren’t engaged (Belcourt, 2009). Employee retention rates also were 44 percent higher. Also, a Watson Wyatt study OUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) 1 found that companies with more engaged employees increase profits for companies. Engaged employees contribute discretionary efforts. IT Leaders might agree that measurement of their work is crucial depending on how they are trained in understanding the communication component to their work with senior executives. So the question is how can effective communication be measured among IT leaders to senior executives? There must be some type of standard established that internal and external communication can be measured by to determine success or areas for the company to work on.If this area is neglected, companies will over a long-term period of time begin to decrease profits slowly until it worsens to a company sometimes have to face bankruptcy or outsourcing certain departments not producing effectiveness with their employees. Working on communication effectiveness among executives will increase ROI as different innovative ways are chosen to improve communication. Evaluate change management response of business and technology leaders within organization There must be some type of order with business and technology leaders within an organization when it comes to the change management process.From the high-level documents to the low-level documents, there must be some type of Change Control Board (CCB). If not changes will occur anywhere at any time that can cause serious losses for any company. In responding to changes to a pro duct or service among staff at General Motors (GM), there is a formal approach to Change Management among business and technology leaders and they are the following: †¢ Adding/deleting/changing eatures for the product such as GM requires following the normal Change Management process †¢ Within the Change Management process, business and technology leaders must diagnose problem areas and with the Change Control Board (CCB) have a meeting to go over any additions/changes/deletions needed and make sure all business and technology leaders are there †¢ Once the changes needed have been reviewed by the CCB, then it should be taken to the test department for testing on a test bed before actually being loaded to the live siteOUTSOURCE INSOURCE FINAL BUSINESS ANALYSIS PAPER ON GENERAL MOTORS (GM) When it comes to urgent changes outside the normal Change Management Process, the following must be done: †¢ Urgent changes, changes that must be deployed outside of the normal C hange 12 Management process cadence, follow an expedited path to load these changes as soon as possible especially if a patch is needed at a customer site †¢ The urgent Request for Change (RFC) is submitted, approved, built, tested (where possible), and implemented as above; however, all on an accelerated path.The process allows for urgent changes since they are sometimes unavoidable, however, every attempt is made to minimize these types of changes due to their inherent risk to the production IT environment. Information technology has become a critical component of nearly every business and organization, often driving competitive advantage and the achievement of business objectives. Many organizations have begun to implement structured operational processes and governance models to help manage their IT environments.The IT organization at General Motors (GM) developed an enterprise-wide Change Management (ChM) Program, deployed in early 2006. The objective was to ensure the use of standardized processes for prompt and efficient implementation of changes and to minimize the impact of change-related incidents on IT service levels. Change management metrics are so important for business and technology leaders in capturing this information in a database for different types of reporting to production,

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Workplace - Essay Example Prejudice is usually seen when one only believes in their views and refuses to listen to any other persons affiliations, beliefs or even political choices. Political correctness. It is becoming increasingly acceptable to talk against any religion that one does not view acceptable. Nowadays people find it hard to accept that they disagree against and shun it. People believe that it is right to talk about other groups that are seen as inferior or not of as the same significance as their own. Unfamiliarity. Human beings primarily fear what they do not understand. When they realize there is a new phenomenon, which brings an element of uneasiness and fear of domination. There is also the fear of being dominated by a new order or cult, and this brings fear and resistance. When people are not familiar with particular groupings or fail to understand the mechanisms that hold them together, they tend to be skeptical about them. Disunity. Pluralism causes disunity between differing factions on issues that can be debated amicably. People find it difficult to come together to reason over issues that could otherwise have easily been solved by other methods. Misunderstanding. It also causes misunderstanding between people because of different views and opinions concerning issues. People fail to come to amicable conclusions about each other, and there is a lack of cohesion and social unity. Disagreements and raised tensions. Pluralism can cause people to disagree about issues and hence increased unnecessary tension (Rose 70). Conflict usually occurs when it is difficult explaining the concepts of the particular social grouping to people who are unwilling to listen or take part in any debate. Human and moral values can promote understanding in several ways. First, equality can help people understand that they are all human beings who have their freedom of expression. When there is a spirit of equality in an

A CSR for the Abu Dhabi Culture Authority Research Paper

A CSR for the Abu Dhabi Culture Authority - Research Paper Example The impressive hotel took a total of 3 years to build and was opened in November 2005, however there were a number of restaurants and spas that were not opened until the following year as they were not complete by the time the time hotel was opening its doors to the public (Kempinski Group). The hotel can be said to belong to the hospitality as well as luxury industry considering the expensive cost of staying in even the cheapest room available (Kempinski Group). The organization deals with the provision of room and board among other various services involved in the hospitality industry and besides the provision of hotel rooms, there are a number of other facilities that are present within the structure such as restaurants, spas, and other sporting and health facilities that are available to those who are residing in the hotel (Kempinski Group). The building was designed by an architect named John Elliot who was a Senior Vice President at an international firm whose main specialty was in the designing of luxury hotels called Wimberly, Allison, Tong and Goo. The hotel was financed and is owned by the Abu Dhabi government and is under the management of the Kempinski Group. The hotel cost 11.02 AED to build and is the second most expensive hotel in the world after the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore (Kempinski Group). In total, the hotel has 92 suites as well as 302 rooms. 22 of these suites are reserved for hosting various heads of state with ke y public figures having stayed at the hotel before such as the former British Prime Minister Tony Blair (Kempinski Group). The hotel has also been able to hold its own financially generating an impressive revenue of over 50 million U.S dollars annually (Kempinski Group). The cheapest room that is available in this hotel is what is known as the Coral Room that costs $400 a night with the most expensive being the Palace Grand Suite that goes for $11500 a night (Kempinski Group). There are a number of

Food security in Eritrea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Food security in Eritrea - Essay Example Eritrea is a sovereign state, which has been faced with numerous cases of conflict within itself and with its neighbours, especially Ethiopia, due to border demarcation issues, a factor which has resulted to internal displacement of people. Reports indicate that more than 10000 out of the original 70000 internally displaced persons still live in temporary camps, waiting to be resettled by the government (Tesfa, 2008). Apparently, this has been one of the major factors contributing to food shortages due to the fact that these people have no cultivatable land as the war pushed them out of their homes and as such, they can only depend on aid from well wishers and the government. It is estimated that more than 2 million people are affected by food insecurity, translating to approximately 40% of the total population (Tesfa, 2008). The fight for freedom, which lasted for approximately 30 years, left the country in a state of destruction especially in the agricultural sector. This is due to the fact that most of the lands which could be used for farming are littered with unexploded ordinances, which pose a security hazard to the farmers (Rena, 2007). In this context, any person trying to cultivate in these lands risks the possibility of triggering the explosion of land mines, which were buried during the war, but failed to explode. Tensions that continue to exist between Ethiopia and Eritrea have contributed to more installation of these landmines as a defensive mechanism at the expense of the farming communities (Zwi, 2005). The temporary security zone, which is considered to have been the most productive agricultural land measuring approximately 25km2 remains unutilized as a result of these landmines, which have kept away more than 50000 inhabitants, who were displaced by the war, regardless of the fact that n o more fighting takes place in this area (Zwi, 2005). With these developments, food production is deemed to remain low and as such, more people will continue to be affected by extreme hunger. This is also due to the fact that the government has continued to spend a lot of the already scarce resources to finance and facilitate the war with Ethiopia. For instance, it is estimated that more than 300 000 men and women are serving in the army instead of letting them engage in farming activities (Gebre, 2009). Human resource in the agricultural sector is a crucial necessity since activities such as cultivation, planting, and weeding as well as harvesting among others requires to be done in order to guarantee quality harvest. In Eritrea, this has not been the case as it has been observed that there have been limited human resources hence high labour costs. As earlier stated, poor diplomatic relations between the country and its neighbours, i.e. Ethiopia and Sudan, have led to the closure o f the respective borders. This means that no movement is allowed in and from the country, which has continued to impact the economy negatively. It is true to say that if this was not the case, citizens of these nations would have had a chance to interact economically through trading in imports and exports thereby increasing the amount of foreign exchange as well as revenue collected

The problem of gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The problem of gangs - Essay Example This is made up of majority legal and illegal immigrant youth and includes those born in the U.S. by legal and illegal immigrant parents. The Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement data shows that 75% of those arrested are from Mexico and El Salvador from gangs such as 18th Street Gang and Mara Salvatrucha or MS-13 known to have massive illegal immigrant members. In an article released by the National Immigration Law Center it clarified that under New York law as decided by the Board of Immigration Appeals, a youthful offender’s adjudication is not equivalent to a conviction in relation to the Immigration and Nationality Act. This was decided on the â€Å"Matter of Devison-Charles,† given a permanent resident status in the United States in April 1996 who was a citizen of the Dominican Republic. Back in 1992, he was involved in attempted possession of a controlled substance where he was adjudicated as a youth offender. The ruling affirms that conviction under the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 does not apply to juvenile offenders.The liberal policy of a number of states granted to juvenile offenders in view of their immigration status sometimes become an area of abuse wherein states like Florida through its Florida Department of Juvenile Justice increased efforts to impose background checks to ensure those that come into the agency are actually within the age limit. The State Senator was able to get an appropriation for additional funding for such purposes as identifying illegal juvenile immigrants.

Persuasive synthesis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Persuasive synthesis - Research Paper Example Other issues contributing to the worsening of cancer’s challenges encompass gender and unstable economic statuses mostly affecting the ailing besides close people. This is especially in the developing states or in regions where culture esteems the male gender to the extent of some experiencing fecal embarrassment when undergoing medical checkups (Consedine et al E410). Unstable economic statuses mainly characterize the developing states whereby numerous states are unable to avail necessary cancer awareness facilities to the natives (Ryder et al 3627). Hence, this leads to severe suffering to the citizens who to some point few cite to have attended cancer screening tests, for instance, women’s Pap smear test (Agunwah et al 364). This is because of utter ignorance that augments cancer severity among numerous citizens though limited by both their individual and states’ unstable economies (Ryder et al 3627). Scholarly studies contacted so far cite ignorance (knowledg e deficits) as one of the challenges hindering effective management of cancer (Van der Rijt et al 1370). Hence, this poses a formidable challenge to the patients, professionals and caregivers whereby the latter two ends up not being of any help to the victims despite their will to offer required assistance (Van der Rijt et al 1371). ... This is because of the latter’s knowledge deficit regarding pain assessment, which could have been leant early via multidisciplinary studies (Van der Rijt et al 1370). Hence, in turn fail to educate patients on how to manage their varied cancer predicaments, which results to painful experiences while away from their respective medical institutions. This is because at home neither the patient nor the caregivers know exactly what to do in alleviating or assessing pain that will alert them to seek timely medical intervention (Van der Rijt et al 1375). According to Van der Rijt et al study, multidisciplinary interventions considerably reduce pain. However, respective authorities ought to ensure adequate imparting of the medical practitioners with this knowledge. Since, they will also inform caregivers who will accordingly apply the knowhow while handling their ailing relatives in the absence of medical personnel. Inadequate level of education is also another aspect worsening ignor ance especially in the developing states, for instance, Enugu in Nigeria (Agunwah et al 362). This is especially among the female gender where most of them due to illiteracy do not see the essence of going for Pap smear tests. Hence, contribute to high mortality rates because only 4.2% of the women’s population in this region contends to have attended cancer screening tests in their lifetime (Agunwah et al 361). However, this percentage does not indicate the attending consistency, which one ought to keep on cancer screening at certain intervals. This leads to people who have gotten cancer resurfacing when the condition is at an advanced stage, whereby the available services for them only work to prolong their lives, but not to prevent or cure the malady (Agunwah

Researching politics and international relations Essay

Researching politics and international relations - Essay Example To understand the scientific rigor regarding researching, one must focus on the types and the different methods of research. There are numerous methods of research. However, we narrow our researching methods down to two ways; the Qualitative and the Quantitative method. There are numerous methods of research. However, we narrow our researching methods down to two ways; the Qualitative and the Quantitative method. Each is a scientific method much used and approved, by researchers. Before reverting to our topic, it is better to have an extensive overview of the scientific method, quantitative and qualitative methods(Brady&Collier,2004). The research process itself is extremely complex with several variables staying in effect at one time. It is important for the researcher to ensure that the focus remains on the subject that is being researched. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are as different as day and night. Scientists use them to test casual theories. Qualitative mainly fo cuses on how and where. It pertains to the quality of the data, e.g. the quality of a sample , is it randomly taken or is it specific(King ,Keohan ,Verba,1994). However, quantitative method includes all the finer mounts and pertains to the quantity of the data, e.g. a sample of a large population maybe a small sample or a large one. The sample size typically depends upon the objective of the research and what the researcher is basically aiming to identify. Quantitative Method: Generally speaking, scientists use this method for statistical analysis.It is defined as a method of research which focuses on numbers. Nowadays, all types of quantitative methods are required in almost every discipline of social science. This is because they help quantify different aspects of the research along with different phenomenon linked to the variables of the research. Generally, after the experiments are held, researchers use statistics to determine the result of their experiments. Statistical analys is is done by taking out a sample from the experiment and is used to determine the approval or disapproval of the entire group. Quantitative research is based on statistical analysis and can be easily replenished. This method is preferred because of its accuracy in social sciences. The fact is the quantitative researches helps quantify the different questions that the researcher has posed for the purpose of the research. There is no aspect of subjectivity involved here, whereas qualitative research can at times be limited because it is more opinion based than anything else and cannot be generalized easily. Quantitative research is done when subjective formulation of theories has been done in the field of study. The quantitative method of data collection is highly systematized and efficient. The major component of quantitative research is how vague concepts of quantity are measured so that statistical tests can be run on their differences between groups(Manion&Morrison,2000). The qua ntitative data collected is analyzed via statistical databases.If the results of the experiments on the data are significant then it is used to propose a valid hypothesis. Quantitative research of any sample of collected data is systematized and rigorous, which is easier to duplicate and resurrect. The main criticism this method holds is that focuses on one point of the data. Qualitative Method: Miles and Huberman defined Qualitative method as the method that uses words instead of numbers( Miles&Huberman,1994). It is considered â€Å"soft† in regard with quantitative methods of research. Within the vast framework of qualitative research there are numerous methods to compile data and results. Qualitative research is very important in the fields of psychology and anthropology because this method probes in deeper into the data to dig out results, which often cannot be analyzed as thoroughly due to other systematic errors.When data based on quantity comes up, we use traditional q uantitative methodology. However, when researchers are up against data

Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Gay Marriage - Essay Example Certain analysts state that psychological, physical and financial well-being is improved by marriage and that kids of gay couples benefit from being brought up by parents within a union that is legally recognized and is supported by institutions of the society. Court documents that American Scientist Associations filled also indicate that isolating gay women and men as ineligible for marriage both stigmatizes and welcomes discrimination by the public against them. The American Anthropological Association asserts that research of social science does not approve the opinion that either social orders that are viable or civilization depend upon failing to recognize gay marriage. Gay marriage can be carried out in a civil ceremony that is secular or in a religious setting. Many faith communities all over the world support are accepting gay couple to marry or perform gay marriage ceremonies. In a study of examining the consequences of discrimination that are institutional on the psychiatri c health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people that was carried out by a Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, discovered an increase in psychiatric disorders, involving more than doubling of disorders of anxiety, within the (LGB) individuals living in the US that constituted bans on gay marriage. The study showed the importance of doing away with discriminations that are in the form of institutions, even those resulting in disparities in the well-being and mental health of LGB individuals.

The Functions of Gendar and Power within our Society Essay

The Functions of Gendar and Power within our Society - Essay Example Because the body image is integral to identity, for a woman to protest that these expectations are not realistic and perversely adolescent is to admit she does not possess it. In The Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf (2000) states that a womans compulsion to diet and wear makeup can largely be blamed on a society that assigns value to women in a vertical hierarchy according to a culturally imposed physical standard. It is an expression of power relations that has women competing for the privileges of employment and status that men have secured as rightfully theirs (Wolf, 2000), and in a comfortably patriarchal society is important to control those women whom second wave feminism would have otherwise made relatively uncontrollable. As long as women are compelled to wear makeup and conform to an elusive beauty archetype, the seeds of the feminine essence remain. The expectation firmly places women below men in the gender order, as the sex which must prove its femininity in order to enter the masculine realm of employment, politics and to gain power (Ragins, 1999). In conclusion, the power relations in the gender order still remain in favor of man. Early feminists believed that femininity contrasted many womens lived experience, but it was not exposed as a false ideology, rather the women who questioned it were exposed as unfeminine. Women across the world experience gender discrimination in different forms and cultural stages, and even though gender impartiality is becoming stronger by the decade, this social difference is still deeply in control of cultural practice around the world, particularly in Africa, the Middle East and oriental Asian states such as China. Inequity next to women in the developing world is an overwhelming authenticity. It consequences in millions of entity tragedies, which add up to lost prospective for whole countries. (Mullins, 2005) Worldwide studies have exposed there is a direct connection between financial growth and a countries

Presentation in History of the English Language Essay Example for Free

Presentation in History of the English Language Essay When studying the development of English as a language, it can be argued that early modern English is perhaps the most vital point of reference. This period brings with it a richness in material that provided clues as to how the tongue developed phonetically and geographically from its roots as a secondary, regional language in an arena dominated somewhat by the French language, and largely by Latin. Although the amount of available information isn’t enough to paint a sufficient scenario of the linguistic lay of the land at the time, these materials are a great help in discerning the stages of development of the English language. During the latter age of transition from Middle English, the language was mostly spread about in regions. This period is â€Å". . . notoriously [known] as the time when linguistic variation is fully reflected in the written mode . . . † (Nevalainen 13). Due to the heavy presence of French and Latin as the dominant vernaculars, middle English didn’t have enough room to develop as a real language and was limited to regional variants that were shaped by the grammar rules of the more prominent languages at the time. This was, mostly, due to the lack of standardized spelling – it was difficult to come up with a fixed set of grammar rules if the people didn’t have any idea of how to spell the words to be used in each situation. This changed during the sixteenth century. With the shift to early modern English came the streamlined version of the language, thanks to major standardizations in the way words were spelled throughout various regions. But you can’t ever get rid of local variations in language, and the early form of modern English is no different. Most of the available materials from the period concern themselves mostly with grammar reforms and the instruction of the language. The most curious thing about these documents is that despite dealing with a language that was gaining more and more popularity as a serious vernacular, the method of instruction was still largely conducted in Latin. This proved to be difficult in unifying the language since the two tongues were different from each other both grammatically and in inflection. Alexander Gil wrote Logonomia Anglica in 1619 as an attempt to describe the chief variants of English according to region. These are the general, northern, southern, eastern, western and poetic variants. Interestingly, these are the same regional distinctions of middle English, save for the unifying general vernacular that could be similar to what we call standard English. The weakness in Gil’s study is his partiality to the northern style although this feature gives us an outstanding view of how the morphology of early modern English developed. His renditions of spelling and pronouncing some words are indicative of the Germanic roots of English, including the use of /v/ for /f/ (the example given by Nevalainen is vill for fill). Another method of dialectal segregation was recorded by George Puttenham in The Arte of English Poesie (1589). Here, Puttenham gives us a view of how early middle English was segregated according to social standing, and was focused mostly on improving the aesthetic appeal of the language by identifying the speech of the court and the aristocrats as well-sounding and favorable, as opposed to the speech of a craftsman, or that of the thieves (thieves’ cant). Still, the dominant tongue at the time remained to be Latin, and it was in Latin that the English grammar was taught and written. This was to accommodate foreigners who wished to learn English; these people learned English via the structure of Latin, whereas locals who already practiced English learned Latin through the structure of their mother tongue. The effect of Latin in the grammar manuals during the first part of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were apparent – the use of Latin categories, or at least a system derived from Latin, to describe English grammar left out a chunk of what formed the structural core of English, and while the regional dialects flourished, very little attention was given to them and the focus of learning instead went to the General dialect, which would eventually go on to become the basis for the structure of the language today. A lot of the development that transformed the English language occurred at this time. In Pamphlet for Grammar (1586), William Bullokar gives us insight to the transformation of the personal noun ye into modern-day you. He also noted the possible conversion of the suffix –eth ¬ (e. g. loveth) into the more economical –s pronounced with a /z/-like crescendo. The latter, incidentally, is an example of northern dialect curiosities that made it to the general dialect. The continuous development and popularity of English as a language both written and spoken led to the precursors of modern-day newspapers. Newsletters by eminent individuals were handwritten and sent out as manuscript circulations back in 1620 as a means of spreading important information around. A fair example is the Newdigate Newsletters that were addressed to Sir Richard Newdigate of Warwickshire from the Secretary of State’s office. A selection of the newsletters would go as follows: â€Å"The King of Poland desireing a nearer Correspondence with this Crowne then has been formerly and haveing sent Over to desire his Maty to be godfather to his Daughter, his Maty was preparing to send an Envoy ExtraOrdnary thither to stand for him, when the last post brought news ye young Princess was dead. † (21) This selection, in its original form, contains plenty of scripting nuances of the period – such as superscripts for the abbreviations – and resembled, in all intents and purposes, formal letters of the period. In closing, it is worth to note that while the instruction and growth of English as a language during the early modern period isn’t as clear as we’d like it to be, there really is no denying that this period yielded a huge wealth of material to study. Thanks to works like Gil’s Bullokar’s and the missives to sir Newdigate, we can continue to study and piece together the broken pieces of the puzzle of how today’s universal language evolved into what it is. WORKS CITED Nevalainen, Terttu. Introduction to Early Modern English, An. USA: Oxford University Press, 2006. 12-27

K to 12 in the Philippines Essay Example for Free

K to 12 in the Philippines Essay The Department of Education’s mission speaks clearly of the provision of a quality basic education that should be accessible to all and one which shall lay the foundation of a lifelong learning and self-actualization needed for citizenship at the local, national and global milieu. This mission can only be realized if indeed our educational system meets the challenge of the new millennium. Currently, educators just realized that our educational system has not been updated as to meeting the global competitiveness. It must be an acceptable fact that we have produced graduates who lack the skills, who cannot be recognized globally, and who do not possess entrepreneurial skills or the basic knowledge for higher education. I personally believe that it is high time that we start changing the educational system of the Philippines through the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program. As a secondary school teacher, I have witnessed personally how our young generation graduates without having themselves equipped totally the basic knowledge they must have developed in the previous curriculum implemented in the schools. According to a survey, it is only the Philippines which has not adopted the 12 years basic education program in the whole of the Asia. This is the very reason why even if we have intelligent and globally competitive graduates, these graduates cannot still be recognized as professionals abroad because they lack the number of years to complete the basic education. Its implementation is actually a bold and a great challenge to curriculum developers and implementers (teachers) in our country. There are several problems that we have to overcome. But with everyone looking at one vision, holding hand in hand towards its successful implementation, lifting up each of our spirits – then the K to 12 implementation will have a successful journey. TERESA E. INDAC MAED-CMUGS

Management Strategies for Communication

Management Strategies for Communication Contents (Jump to) Introduction Organizational Culture Leadership Communication of Business Information Eliminating Barriers of Communication Team Work Conflict Resolution Conclusion References Introduction The Company owns a Hotel and a Resort (King and Queen Hotel Suite Mt. Taranaki Resort). This report contains information that the management could implement in order to create the best experience for the guests coming to stay at either the resort or at the hotel. How would employees of this property absorb different cultures, leadership style, communicate business information, eliminate barriers, work as a team and resolve a conflict. So how do we create an experience for our employee similarly that is given to the guest? Growth and change needs to be monitored at all times within the employees. COMMUNICATION! And there are various ways of communicating all the necessary information to the employees. As the Human Resource Director my responsibility here is to ensure that all information is efficiently transmitted to all employees new and existing across both properties. To achieve success, communication is one very important aspect. As the first step a set of guidelines have been developed as a blueprint for staff that will create the right culture that runs common across both properties. This would help the Company best utilize the human resource efficiently. Organizational Culture An organizational culture is where an organization is responsible for creating an environment in which the business is managed and can impact heavily on the success or failure of the business (University Alliance, 2015). Reinhart (2015) suggest that when people live together the culture develops within the organization. Reinhart (2015) say that there are 4 (four) areas where one should look at for developing the organizational culture which are as follows Training and Hiring Develop a story Not about programs Foster commitment For the employees to adapt the organizational culture the organization/ HR director need to look at the areas that would help an employee who has been trained not only understands it but effectively implements it while performing his/her duties, there are many ways that we can pass the organizational culture to our employees, a few are mentioned below Training – With proper training by a qualified teacher / trainer the employee will understand the organizational culture better. With proper training of old and existing employees they have to be trained in the ways to apply the new goals. Lead by example – is one of the most effective ways for leaders to create and spread a culture of learning. These way new employees absorb the culture they see and get aligned much faster. Lead the team by showing them with an example so that the new employees can take it and help the other members lead the organization to a new level DELETE. Guidance employees – As the employee is new we need to guide the employee to adapt to the new organizational culture by giving them task for new employees to know the culture. (Carabelli, 2015) Progress will be monitored frequent intervals and the plan revised as if necessary by the senior management. Necessary check would also on a day to day basis would be done in order for the performance of the employees to be on track. Leadership The organizational culture and leadership are connected with each other without one the organization could be crippled. In the research on Leadership style in job satisfaction leadership style is defined as the pattern of behaviors that a leader displays during their work with and through others (Hersey Blanchard, 1993). According to Kavanaugh and Ninemeier (2001), there are 3 factors that could determine the type of leadership style: leaders’ characteristics, subordinates’ characteristics and the organization environment. To be more specific, the personal background of leaders such as personality, knowledge, values, and experiences would shapes their feelings about appropriate leadership that determine their specific leadership style; employees also have different personalities, backgrounds, expectations and experiences, knowledge for example, employees who are more knowledgeable and experienced may work well under a democratic leadership style, while employees with d ifferent experiences and expectations require an autocratic leadership style. Some factors in the organizations environment such as organizational climate, organization values, composition of work group and type of work can also influence leadership style. However, leaders can adapt their leadership style to the perceived preferences of their subordinates (Wood, 1994). According to a research done by Mukhels and Lockwood they suggest that the leadership style would differ according to the person’s demographic profile (Al-Ababneh Lockwood). Johnson Murray talks about the pros and con of leadership and it is way to know or judge which person has leadership skills or not. They are as follows What leadership is not? It is not the use of Authority Management is not leadership Position Power is not Leadership What leadership is? Is about having a vision Is about influencing people to believe in the vision It is about persuasion of the vision (Murray, 2014) (Link success with leadership, 2014) The Leadership styles that best fit the resort would help build up a better place to be around to work at. The leadership style that best fit the resort is participative/ democratic leadership where the following things would help the hotel/resort to move forward and help the hotel/resort build a better team Leaders. They are as follows Creative Problem Solver Handling Risks Working together Creativity (Duggan, 2014) A question that arises while doing this â€Å"Is this Leadership style effective†? It’s effective if we are able to take care of the following Proper Communication Focusing on the discussion Full Commitment Respect each other’s ideas (The Democratic Leadership Style, 2008) Communication of Business Information Communication is one of the most important aspects of Leadership. It helps the leader to align the organization to one common goal or vision. Organizations that do not communicate their strategy to their employees are showing the lack of direction or disregarding for their employees. To apply an effective way of communicating business information to the staff the messages that are being sent to the staff should be crafted clearly for staff to understand. If a problem persists then it should be sorted out at that very instance. To take the organization to a level ahead of its competitors Johnston (2015) has suggested that the mission, vision and all other information of the organization is transferred to its employees. Strategies for doing so are Internal Communication Communicating with the staff clearly and simply, avoiding any jargons, or foul language in email, bulletin board. One part of the communication is disbursing the information the other is receiving information or feedback from staff. By this we will know the level of understanding of the staff. Marketing Communication Communicating marketing information is very important for improving the sales for the organization. Communication must be researched constantly; if the marketing communication is not working then it must be discarded. Because it’s not just the budgets spent it also harms the brand adversely. Communication with stakeholders The Management needs to communicate the progress of the Organization with the stakeholders so that they are kept abreast of the changes taking place and can guide at the right time. Monitor non-verbal messages Non-verbal communication can be your strongest support, however it needs to be monitored i.e. oversee the messages that are being sent via email and other non-verbal methods, so that the verbal and non-verbal method matches. (Johnston, 2015) (Raja, 2011) Eliminating Barriers of Communication Language/communication barriers are a common challenge in today’s business setting. Ms. Kate states that there are 10 strategies for overcoming the communication barriers which are as follows Speak in a manner so that the other person or people can hear you clearly Ask for clarification on what has been told Check Frequently if everyone has understood We need to avoid changed meaning of the words for others to understand Be careful as when to use a jargon/s Define what are the basics of your business THIS POINT DOES NOT CONNECT One has to be specific is what is being told Choose the medium of communication Proper to avoid any misunderstanding Provide more than one source of communication with the staff, to establish message Being patient is the hardest to keep as everyone is in a hurry (Berardo, 2007) Communication is an important part of any relationship, whether it is a working, romantic or friendly relationship in the resort. When an effective communication is interrupted or it is not executed properly, it can lead to misunderstandings which might hurt a working relationship of the staff. There are barriers to communication that must be overcome by the organization. It is possible to reduce those barriers so proper communication can take place but can never be eliminated. The following steps need to be implemented in the organization Choose the best communication channel for your specific message within or outside the organization. Choose an appropriate time to have a conversation. Speak clearly when talking to someone. Here one has to pass on the message very clearly for the receiver to understand the message Check with the listener/receiver if the message conveyed to them has been understood by them by asking them in their own words after the message has been sent. This is a good way of being able to know if the message was received and understood in best possible way. If the listener relays a message that is not identical to your message, then you know there was a miscommunication in transmitting the message. Listen to the other person when they are speaking. Instead of thinking about what to say next, take in what the other person is saying so that one is able to receive his message well. (Richardson, 2015) As an HR Manager I would have to be a proactive person and build cross-cultural environment to eliminate any barriers that may arise and to keep the trend going on the hotel we would need to look at all kinds of needs and wants of the employees and making them mix with different cultures so smoothly that they have very limited amount of the barriers in communication Team Work Organizations often ask employees to complete projects as a team. Working together has many benefits, including the possibility to create new friendships, a sense of group accomplishment and distribution of responsibilities. Teamwork may also cause tension and anxiety among employees because of poor communication. Effective communication can eliminate stress and negative feelings. Leaders of the team should encourage their employees to communicate with one another clearly while working together. This is especially important for smaller companies, whose employees often must work closely with one another. (Managing groups and Teams, 2010) Characteristics To have effective communication in the work place, team members must keep an open mind, engage in active listening and have a clear understanding of project goals and requirements. Effects Effective communication determines the success or failure of projects requiring teamwork, and ultimately, the business itself. Teamwork offers advantages such as increase in productivity, sense of responsibility and improved staff efficiency. The key element of creating a good team is proper communication. To develop effective team communication, you need to understand how communication affects teamwork positively and negatively. Increases Interaction When communication channels in a team are properly established and information flows easily between teammates, then that increases the ability of staff members to interact. Team members learn how to interact more efficiently with each other to perform their job duties and are better able to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each teammate. Conflict Poor communication within a team can cause misunderstandings that lead to internal conflict. A team that spends its time misinterpreting information and creating conflicts is not able to be a productive work unit. Developing a strong system of communication eliminates misinformation and cuts down on the possibility of conflict. The team can focus on company tasks as opposed to wasting time sifting through conflict. (Root, 2015), (Gluck, 2015) The strongest factor affecting the productivity of the new and existing staff is good teamwork. If done well it results in achieving customer satisfaction. Clear roles and responsibilities help the management in knowing how the employee has performed. Surveys have pinpointed the strongest factor affecting employee productivity was people having a clear idea about what they were supposed to be doing. The more people knew their responsibilities, the higher the productivity. Conflict Resolution Problem Solving Mt Taranaki Resort believes in clear and open communication. We also encourage employees to talk directly with their supervisor and colleagues and vice versa. If an issue or conflict does arise, it is recommended that the individual try to resolve the problem with those directly involved. The employee may also choose to involve his or her supervisor if necessary. In discussing the conflict please remember that the organizations confidentiality policy still applies. If after this discussion the employee or supervisor feels the issue is still not resolved, he/she may request a meeting with the next level supervisor and Human Resources Coordinator or Executive Director. In the event that the employee prefers an individual meeting with the next level supervisor or any other senior management staff the supervisor will be notified. By exploring the issue in a professional and constructive manner; will be possible to find an appropriate way to resolve the problem. Complaint Resolution Procedure Policy The organization will act expediently if problems do occur and all individuals, whether staff or management, will be treated with fairness, respect, and consistency. All employees are encouraged to bring forward any complaints or recommendations dealing with safety, health standards, proper working conditions, performance appraisals, discipline and fair management practices, without fear of reprisal. Any disputes, controversies or suggestions must first be handled between the employee and his or her immediate supervisor, unless they are serious enough to warrant intervention by the next level supervisor or other member of the senior management team. An employee who has not obtained a solution within five business days of the circumstances that gave rise to the situation has the right to bring the matter to the attention of the next level supervisor. The Human Resources Coordinator and/or the Executive Director will be informed of the matter. That person will review the circumstances within five business days and will consult the Human Resources Coordinator or Executive Director as appropriate. Complaints should be in writing and include all relevant circumstances. The employee and supervisor will receive a solution or a written reply from the Department Manager within five more business days. If the employee is not satisfied with the response, he or she has the right to discuss the issue with the Executive Director. If the Executive Director cannot fulfil the employee’s expectations and the conflict persists, the employee may decide to bring the matter, in writing, to the chair of the Board of Directors and the Executive Director will be notified. The Board of Directors’ (Sample policy experts, 2011) A specific policy would be developed to meet the above goals prior to staff being appointed. The guiding principles would be †¦. Staff Induction Staff training Reporting process Safety is a staff priority All these can be presented under the CODE OF CONDUCT document Conclusion An organizational Culture which enables its employees to develop into Leaders is the one that will take the organization to the next level and in this communication plays a very important role. It is important to communicate the business vision to the employees by reducing the communication barriers as they can never be eliminated/ overcome permanently as the barriers could arise at any given situation. Team work is one of the important aspects of the industry without teamwork no organization can work through to the objectives, mission and vision. Conflict resolution is one of the major areas that need to be resolved on day to day basis as conflict could arise at no given time. A policy has been made and communicated to the staff at the time of joining or at the time of their transfer, so that there can be a resolution rather that a big case. Communicated and presented as KING QUEEN HOTEL SUITE and MT TARANAKI RESORT’s CODE OF CONDUCT. References Al-Ababneh, M., Lockwood, A. (n.d.). The Influence of Managerial Leadership Style on Employee Job Satisfation in Jordanian Resort Hotels. Jordan. Berardo, K. (2007). 10 Strategies for Overcoming Language Barriers. Retrieved from Curosity.com: http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/10 Strategies for Overcoming Language Barriers.pdf Carabelli, C. (2015). How Is Organizational Culture Passed to New Employees? Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/organizational-culture-passed-new-employees-14078.html Duggan, T. (2014). About Participative Leadership Style Front Office Performance. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/participative-leadership-style-front-office-performance-10256.html Gluck, S. (2015). Effective Communication Team Work. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-communication-team-work-3167.html Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H. (1993). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources (6th Ed ed.). New Jersey: Princetnce Hall, Inc. Johnston, K. (2015). Strategies for effective communication. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategies-effective-communication-57218.html Link success with leadership. (2014). Retrieved from GSS Blog: http://visiongss.com/blog//index.php/En/link-success-with-leadership Managing groups and Teams. (2010, September 20). Retrieved from Wiki Books: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Managing_Groups_and_Teams/Print_version Murray, J. (2014, June 15). What Leadership is and is not. Retrieved from Legacee: https://www.legacee.com/leadership-skills/what-leadership-is-and-is-not/z Raja, K. (2011, September 09). How to communicate business strategy to employees. Retrieved from Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/kaushikraja/how-to-communicate-business-strategy-to-employees-9198582 Reinhart, C. (2015). Organizational Culture in the Hospitality industry. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/organizational-culture-hospitality-industry-12969.html Richardson, M. (2015). How to reduce barries to communication. Retrieved from eHow: http://www.ehow.com/how_6684077_reduce-barriers-communication.html Root, G. N. (2015). How Communication Affects Teamwork. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/communication-affects-teamwork-11199.html The Democratic Leadership Style. (2008). Retrieved from leadership-toolbox.com: http://www.leadership-toolbox.com/democratic-leadership-style.html University Alliance. (2015). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Hospitality Success. Retrieved from Eli Broad College of Business: http://www.michiganstateuniversityonline.com/resources/hospitality/the-impact-of-organizational-culture-on-hospitality-success/#.VRenJPmUeSo Wood, R. C. (1994). Organizational Behavior for Hospitality Management. Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann Ltd. 1 | Page 3138011

Fragile Families Essay -- Article Review, Family Policy

Fragile Families: Articles and How They Contribute to Family Policy This paper will review two articles pertaining to â€Å"fragile families† and assess how they help contribute to family policy. â€Å"Fragile families† are very pertinent to the core of family policy. In the 1990’s the term â€Å"fragile families† originated out of a need to describe families not fitting into the traditional married – unmarried couples with children (McLanahan, Garfinkel, Mincy, & Donahue, 2010). Over a 60 year period non-marital births of children increased significantly. In 1940, 4% of children born were to non-married parents. However, by 2007 this number reached a high of 40%. These families can be compromised of cohabitating couples, non-cohabitating couples, or single mothers (Kalil & Ryan, 2010). They are deemed â€Å"fragile† because they are more likely to experience difficulties economically and relationship wise. They tend to be more impoverished, experience material hardship, and have absent fathers. More importa ntly fragile families are of great concern because they often lack stability as a family unit. Yet, fragile families have become one of the new family types and seem to be a permanent structure steadily on the rise. Bogenschneider (2006) stated that one of the main underlying issues of the family policy debate is the conflicting ideas of families (types). These conflicts are evident when you look at the 3 perspectives with regard to family policy: Concerned, Sanguine, and Impatient. This is why there has been increased focus on this new type of family. One of the issues that need be assessed with regard to fragile families is mothers’ economic conditions and their support systems. (McLanahan et al., 2010). Kalil and Ryan (2010), discuss mot... ... Craigie, and Gunn, 2010). Second, address factors that place the child at risk such as a lack of parent involvement. Third, directly address children’s risk through early child hood education amongst other things. There are also policy changes that can be implemented with regard to mothers’ economic plights and the resources available to them. There should be a strengthening of community based programs that aid mothers and a focus on them working efficiently (Kalil & Ryan, 2010). Safety nets provided in the form of things such as food stamps need to be strengthened as well. Policies should support these resources and have an ultimate goal of economic self sufficiency for mothers in fragile families. The issues presented allow policy makers to be well informed of the possible risks associate with fragile families and the issues they face, especially economically.

Should Elian Gonzalez Go Back To Cuba Or Stay In The United States? :: essays research papers

Should Elian Gonzalez go back to Cuba or stay in the United States? This seems to be the question drenching the media on a constant bases. Every newspaper, news broadcast, and magazine seem to have a story about Elian. Titles like â€Å"Elian’s Grandmothers are coming to the US†, seems kind of silly if you read the headline literally. I don’t mean to be cold but why do we care if Elian’s grandmother is coming to the US? Thousands of grandmas have come to the US everyday, but we don’t hear about them. The media has turned this dilemma into a circus. All that aside, the question and heated debate of whether or not Elian should stay still plagues us. Everyone seems to have an opinion on this subject. If you ask people casually what they think should happen, you will get very definite answers and plenty of information to back up there opinions. I have asked many colleagues and friends this question. I myself do not have the answer and do not think I am the one to judge. I have spoken to Cubans friends who say the conditions are so terrible over there that there is no way the boy should go back. They speak of old, decrepit, tiny homes with way to many people living in a single dwelling. They speak of a place that has little food and no milk for their children. I have been told of the conditions in the schools and their lack of proper facilities. These acquantenses tell me that Castro his controlling the boy’s father, monitoring his phone calls and making sure he tells everyone that he wants his boy to come home. They say he is not able to say what he really wants for fear of himself and family. For fear that Castro will take away the family’s food and shelter in Cuba. Over all, the general picture that has been painted is not pretty. The only thing not in debate is the fact that children their live a very different life from the majority of the children in the United States.On the other hand, there are the people that believe the child should be with his natural father. That where the child lives does not matter, what matters is whom the child is with. They say he has lost his mother and should not be taken away from his father.

The Future of Airports and New Larger Aircraft (NLA) Essay -- Aviation

The first airplanes carried only one individual. Today an average commercial airplane will carry approximately four-hundred to five-hundred people. However, recently new larger aircraft (NLA) have been designed to carry anywhere from five-hundred to eight-hundred persons. The need for NLA’s has been recognized as demand for air travel continues to increase. Furthermore, by deploying larger aircraft the problem of capacity will be addressed: more people on a plane will translate to a lower number of planes on the runway and while still accommodating the same number of passengers. The effects of these NLA’s are far-reaching and potentially detrimental to airport management. By utilizing appropriate airport planning, managers can overcome the pitfalls related to new larger aircraft. The first consideration which must be addressed is the runway. Is the length of the runway capable of supporting the NLA’s? What about the weight of the NLA’s, how will they effect maintenance? Do airports need to be redesigned to accommodate NLA’s? Thankfully, many of these types of questions have been answered. Although the maximum takeoff weight of the A380 will be over 1.2 million pounds, new and better wing and higher performance engines will allow the aircraft to operate from the same runway lengths as existing B747-400s†¦ However, accommodating the aircraft’s wingspan of close to 262 feet may require significant modifications to airfields at airports intending to serve the new large aircraft. Burns & McDonnell 2001 Of course, heavier aircraft will adversely affect a runway’s integrity. Maintenance cycles will need to be amplified in order to remain operable. The key will be acting before the runway becomes unusable. The next iss... ...ess, trouble-free adaptation† (Young and Well, pg. 473, 2011). This holistic approach aided the transition, yet the future will present new problems as demand will likely increase and NLA’s will be used more widely. Learning from those who have successfully accommodated NLA’s can help airport managers who have yet to engage the giants of the air. Works Cited Burns & McDonnell, (2001). What’s you NLA? How will new large aircraft affect your airport facility? Retrieved on March 27, 2012. http://www.burnsmcd.com/Resource_/Issue/283/PdfFile/aviationreport2.pdf Gomes de Barros, A., Wirasinghe, S., (1997). New aircraft characteristics related to airport planning. Retrieved on March 27, 2012. my.fit.edu/~dkirk/3241/Lectures/Atrgpap.pdf Young, S., and Wells, A., (2011). Airport planning and management. 6th Edition. New York, New York. McGraw-Hill Professional.